![]() ![]() ![]() The first design challenge under consideration is device current consumption, which presents the designer with two challenges. Optocouplers operate by generating light via an LED, which passes through a clear isolation barrier to a photodetector, while a digital isolator is designed using a high speed CMOS process with embedded air core microtransformers. To perform the digital isolation, there are various technologies available in the marketplace today, and the two under consideration for component selection are optocoupler-based isolation and digital-based isolation. With the two challenges outlined, the process of determining the appropriate component solution can be explored. This article explores the device current consumption and PCB space constraint challenges. For the digital isolation device selection, the designer will be faced with various challenges and must consider several key performance parameters, such as device current consumption, PCB space constraints, data speed/data integrity (channel to channel matching), and proper isolation and working voltage (over full automotive lifetime). ![]() The isolation barrier and the isolation devices are of significant importance as they protect not only the vehicle electronics, but also the vehicle occupants from electric shock from the high voltage battery.įor the isolation barrier requirements, the designer can reference various industry standards to determine the proper guidelines for printed circuit board design. The isolation barrier must also provide robustness to the high voltage battery transients produced by the vehicles electric drive system. The isolation barrier must provide protection for the BMS controller electronics, which operate within the typical automotive 12 V domain, from the electronics referenced to the high voltage (upwards of 500 V) battery domain. For the design example, these high speed digital signals are the serial peripheral interface (SPI) connection utilized for communication between the BMS controller and the battery cell monitoring electronics. In the BMS application, the designer is faced with developing a solution that allows the communication of high speed digital signals from various integrated circuits across an isolation barrier. Typical Configuration of a Battery Management System. ![]()
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